What’s “Bugging” You?
While evaluating why a patient experienced a severe allergic reaction
to a popsicle colored with Carmine, it was confirmed that such commonly
used food colorings can cause such reactions within the human population.
Carmine is a biogenic dye (meaning it comes from biological organisms),
and it is added to foods, cosmetics, and drugs.
Carmine has been implicated in occupational asthma, extrinsic allergic
alvelolitis, cheilitis, gastrointestinal complaints, urticaria/angioedema,
asthma, and anaphylactic shock.
Carmine and cochineal are considered “natural” red
dyes, being derived from the dried bodies of Cochineal insects, which
are parasites of the prickly pear cactus and also happen to be members
of the Cockroach family. When Cortez found the Aztecs, they were
using cochineal to color their food, clothing, and bodies. The insect
derived dye was 10 times stronger than the dyes being used in Europe
at the time, so it had commercial importance.
The introduction of synthetic colors in 1856 almost eliminated
the cochineal dye industry but in 1990 a preference for foods without
synthetic ingredients led to a resurgence of its use. Since these
insect derived dyes are “all natural” they are often
labeled on packaging as natural colors.
Large plantations of cactus are devoted to the cochineal extract
production in the Canary Islands and in Peru. At sexual maturity
(approximately 100 days old), the female insect bodies are filled
with eggs, which contain the greatest concentration of Carmine. Just
before laying their eggs, they are brushed off the cactus and dried.
In Europe the packaging lists the dye as E120 and it can also be
found listed as Red Dye #4.
The human body can detect the presence of Carmine in its body,
and exposure to products or foods that contain this insect derived
dye can be hazardous to your health and can cause severe allergic
reactions. In children, exposure is very great since it is used extensively
in the production of many of their foods and snacks so as to make
them more visually appealing.
SOURCE: Annals of Allergy & Asthma Immunology, November 1997 |